Treasury Department Issues New Rule for U.S. Companies

In his column earlier this year, Matt Dorsey wrote two articles about the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA).  Matt explained that the CTA had wide ranging application to U.S. businesses, and that failure to comply with its provisions could result in serious criminal and civil liabilities.

I have been following the developments regarding the CTA, and here is a Q&A that gives some background and an update on where we are now. 

Why did Congress enact the CTA?

Congress found that each year about two million corporate entities, i.e., corporations and limited liability companies, are formed throughout the U.S, but there are no requirements to provide information about the entities’ owners.  As a result, some people concealed their identities to engage in illegal activity under the corporate name, including financial and national security crimes, such as terrorism, money laundering, fraud and tax evasion.  

In an effort to assist investigations by law enforcement, Congress enacted the CTA, which requires a “Reporting Company” to file “Beneficial Ownership Information Reports” (“BOI Reports”).

What is a Reporting Company?

A Reporting Company is a corporation, limited liability company, or other similar corporate entity that is created by the filing of a document with the Secretary of State or similar office under the law of any State.  This is important, because it applies to many Saratoga Today readers.  If a brother and a sister created an LLC to own an investment property for an Airbnb rental, that LLC would qualify as a Reporting Company.  If you have a friend with a small business organized as a corporation, like a contracting business or retail shop, their company would also likely qualify as a Reporting Company.

What does a Reporting Company have to do?  

Under the terms of the CTA, a Reporting Company has to file a Beneficial Ownership Information Report (“BOI Report”) with the U.S Treasury Department’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”).  The BOI Report discloses the full name, residential address and driver’s license information of each beneficial owner of the Reporting Company.  For example, the brother and sister with their Airbnb rental would need to file a BOI Report disclosing their identities. 

What if you did not file the BOI Report? 

As Matt Dorsey noted in his earlier articles, failure to file the BOI Report could lead to serious penalties, including a civil penalty of $500 for each day the violation continues (up to $10,000) and the potential for a criminal penalty of up to two years of imprisonment.

Was the CTA challenged in court?

The constitutionality of the CTA was challenged in federal courts in Alabama and Texas, among others.  In December 2024 and January 2025, federal judges in the State of Texas issued nationwide injunctions that halted FinCEN’s enforcement of the CTA.  However, after the U.S. Supreme Court removed the nationwide injunction of one federal judge, on February 17, 2025, the other federal judge in Texas lifted the only remaining nationwide injunction.  

What did FinCEN do after the court challenges?

On February 19, 2025, FinCEN announced that the CTA would once again be effective and the new filing deadline for most entities would be March 21, 2025.  However, in their announcement FinCEN suggested that an update would be provided by March 21, 2025, that could extend that deadline and issue further guidance on the applicability of the CTA.

What is the latest development?

The latest development is good news for U.S. companies.  On March 21, 2025, FinCEN issued an interim final rule, effective as of March 26, 2025, which exempts corporate entities formed in the U.S. from the requirements of the CTA by removing U.S. corporate entities from the definition of a “Reporting Company”.  As a result, our example of the brother and sister team owning an Airbnb rental in an LLC is no longer required to file a BOI Report – or be subject to the serious penalties if they fail to do so.    

Why did FinCEN exempt U.S. companies?

The interim final rule states that FinCEN is exercising its authority under the CTA, which allows the Secretary of the Treasury, Attorney General and Secretary of Homeland Security to determine which entities should be exempt from the CTA.  Ultimately, those government officials determined that most of the corporate entities formed in the U.S were small businesses owned by hard-working American taxpayers who do not engage in illegal activity, and that the burden of compliance outweighed the benefit.

What happens next?

The public may submit written comments on FinCEN’s interim final rule until May 27, 2025.  All comments will be considered when the final rule is issued, which is expected to be sometime later this year. 

What if you already filed a BOI Report?

Many corporate entities formed in the U.S., which were previously considered Reporting Companies, have already filed BOI Reports with FinCEN.  It is unclear at this time what will happen with that data, if the final rule exempts those entities from compliance.

It is difficult for business owners to ensure they are complying with all applicable laws and regulations.  It is especially difficult when the legal landscape swiftly shifts, as was the case with the Corporate Transparency Act.  When dealing with business compliance matters, it is always useful to seek counsel from attorneys who keep track of such developments.  Failure to comply could result in otherwise avoidable fines and harsh punishments.  

James D. Wighaus is an Associate Attorney with O’Connell and Aronowitz, 54 State Street, Albany, New York.  James’ practice is focused in the areas of corporate law, and trusts and estates law, including estate planning, long-term care planning, estate tax planning and estate administration. James can be reached at (518) 694-5698, jwighaus@oalaw.com and www.oalaw.com.  

It’s far too early to know whether Trump’s tariff gambit will pay off, but the market’s initial reaction is enough to give most investors pause. While tariffs can be a useful tool, they are not the solution for all problems, so it’s useful to understand what they can and cannot do. 

The objective of tariffs have traditionally included the onshoring of manufacturing, the protection of domestic industry, the “righting” of a trade imbalance, and the collection of additional tax revenues. Some of these objectives are mutually exclusive so, when applying tariffs, it is necessary to establish the intended objective, and to communicate that objective clearly so that the various parties, including market participants and policy makers, can gauge their effectiveness, depth, and duration. 

When discussed at the macro level, tariffs can seem pretty abstract, so let’s bring them down to Earth.

I currently have a trade imbalance with the grocery store. This imbalance exists because the grocery store has more of something I want, than I have of what it wants. Let’s say that I decide that the imbalance is unacceptable so I slap a 25% tariff, which is a price increase in the form of a surtax, on everything from the grocery store. A few things may happen.

First, I may substitute away and start shopping at a different grocery store; one that doesn’t have a tariff. If the goal was to get me to support a different store, then mission accomplished. If the goal was to generate tariff revenue, or to get me to “onshore” production of what I purchase, then the tariff was self-defeating.

Second, I may choose not to change my habits, and just pay the tariff. If the goal here was to generate revenue, then great; if it was to get me to change my ways, then it was unsuccessful.

Third, I may choose to “onshore”, by growing my own food. This may take considerable investment since I will need to learn how to grow various vegetables; acquire land; raise livestock; build facilities for cultivation, processing, and harvesting; mitigate the risks of bad weather and disease; and feed myself in the meantime. 

In this instance, tariffs reduce my available capital for the investments necessary to surpass these various barriers to entry, thereby delaying the successful completion of my “onshoring”. Here, a better solution might be to provide subsidies and tax breaks, which would help me make the investments and complete the various tasks required to successfully begin production.

Tariff policies need clear, concise goals. Without them, it’s impossible to know what activity is being encouraged or discouraged, or whether goals have been achieved, and it makes it difficult for trading partners to negotiate conditions that are acceptable to both parties. 

Because many of the possible outcomes of any tariff regime are mutually exclusive, the goal cannot simply be “all of the above”.  

While we believe there are almost certainly some trading partners acting in bad faith, and a more aggressive trading policy may be laudable in those instances, it stands to reason that a more targeted approach concisely conveyed to the public might be more effective at accomplishing the various objectives while reducing market volatility. 

As always, and especially during times of heightened volatility, be sure to work closely with your Certified Financial Planner® professional to help ensure that your portfolio continues to reflect your needs. 

Stephen Kyne, CFP® is a Partner at Sterling Manor Financial, LLC in Saratoga Springs.

Sterling Manor Financial, LLC is an SEC Registered Investment Advisor and does not provide tax or legal advice, nor is it a third-party administrator. This piece contains forward-looking statements which are opinion, not guaranteed, and subject to change. 

As winter fades and the world bursts into bloom, there’s no better time to embrace change—and that includes refreshing your look. Spring isn’t just about trading in heavy coats for lighter layers; it’s also an opportunity to reinvent your personal style. And what better way to do that than with a stunning new pair of frames?

This April, Family Vision Care Center invites you to indulge in Spring Frame Fashion Wednesdays, a month-long celebration of designer eyewear. Each week, we’ll be featuring a different luxury brand, giving you the chance to explore their latest Spring collections while sipping champagne and enjoying delicious sweets. Whether you gravitate toward classic elegance, bold artistic expression, or modern sophistication, you’re sure to find the perfect frames to complement your style.

A New Designer Collection Each Week

Eyewear has evolved far beyond its functional purpose; today, glasses are a statement—an extension of one’s personality and aesthetic. That’s why we’re bringing some of the most sought-after designers to Saratoga Springs, offering an exclusive opportunity to try on their newest releases.

Join us every Wednesday in April from 1 PM to 6 PM at our office on 6B Carpenter Lane, across from Maple Ave Middle School to explore the latest collections from top eyewear designers.

Spring Frame Fashion Schedule:

April 2 – Gucci & Yves Saint Laurent | Synonymous with luxury and sophistication, these iconic brands offer timeless elegance with a modern edge.

April 9 – LA Eyeworks | Known for their artistic and expressive designs, these frames are made for those who love to stand out.

April 16 – Etnia Barcelona | European craftsmanship meets vibrant colors and unique patterns for a look that’s bold yet refined.

April 23 – Tom Ford | Effortlessly chic and undeniably sleek, these frames exude modern glamour.

April 30 – LaFont | A blend of Parisian sophistication and masterful craftsmanship, perfect for those who appreciate timeless beauty.

More Than Just a Shopping Event

Spring Frame Fashion Wednesdays aren’t just about browsing designer eyewear—they’re a full sensory experience. While you explore the latest trends, you’ll also enjoy:

Sip & Style – Champagne and sweets to make your shopping experience even more delightful.

Exclusive Designer Collections – The full lineup from each brand, available for one day only.

Exclusive Savings – Enjoy 20% off all frames throughout the entire month of April.

Personalized Styling Assistance – Our team of eyewear experts will help you find the perfect frames for your face shape, lifestyle, and personality.

A Fresh Look for a New Season

Spring is all about renewal—a time to embrace change, growth, and self-expression. Why not start with your eyewear? Whether you’re overdue for an upgrade or simply looking to treat yourself, this is the perfect opportunity to invest in frames that make you feel confident and stylish.

So gather your friends, mark your calendars, and join us in celebrating Spring with fashion, fun, and fabulous eyewear. We can’t wait to help you find your perfect pair!

Susan Halstead, ABOC, FNAO is a Nationally and NYS Licensed Optician and owner of Family Vision Care Center on 6 Carpenter Lane in Saratoga Springs. Susan can be reached via email at Susan@ familyvisioncarecenter.com. Family Vision Care Center is celebrating 105 years of providing comprehensive eye health care to Saratoga County with Susan as the third owner.

Call our office today to schedule your winter eye exam and make sure your vision is crystal clear for the season ahead!

Here’s an oldie but goodie, and perhaps helpful for anyone who didn’t read it the first time through! If you’re looking for good meatless Friday meals for Lent, consider these three options.

Long (long, long) before Meatless Monday was a thing (in its current iteration as an initiative to reduce meat consumption for personal health and the health of the planet), there was Meatless Friday (dating back to the first century as a Christian religious observance). Despite some confusion regarding whether or not the centuries-old weekly practice was done away with in the 1960s (it wasn’t), most people have a sense that Catholics still don’t eat meat on Fridays during Lent (the six-week time of penance leading up to Easter), which is true. 

It’s easier than ever to find family-friendly meatless meals (and I’d love to hear your favorites!), but I thought you might like to know some of the ones I make for my family, which all of my boys do pretty well with and my husband and I really like:

Lentil Sloppy Joes

The key, for me, is to disguise the lentils as much as possible! (I try very hard to like beans and legumes, but so far I haven’t been too successful. This dish, however, is a good one.) I start this recipe, like so many other delicious ones, by sauteeing onions and peppers in butter in the pot I want the whole dish to finish in. You certainly don’t have to use butter, but I find that it really adds an important something to this meal. While the onions and peppers are sauteeing on a low to medium flame, I prepare the lentils by rinsing them, then boiling them in a separate pot according to the instructions on the 16oz. package, then draining them and dumping them in the pot with the onions and peppers. I stir it all around and let it hang out for a minute, then I add a jar of barbecue sauce, a quarter to a third cup of ketchup, and a few squirts of yellow mustard. I mix it around and let it simmer for a few minutes, and it’s done! It’s wonderful over rice, or with tortilla chips, or on a hamburger bun, and I even had leftovers on toast with eggs on top last week. My husband likes to have sour cream with his, and I often like shredded cheddar on top and pickles on the side as well.

Eggplant Parmesan

Funny enough, making this is so time consuming that I really only do it for Fridays during Lent (I consider the making of it to be a penance), which is hilarious, because it’s one of my family’s very favorite meals—we definitely don’t miss meat while eating this! I peel two eggplants and slice them thin, then dredge each slice first in cornstarch, then in beaten egg, then in panko or regular bread crumbs, then fry them in vegetable oil, then put them on a paper towel-lined plate or a wire rack over a cookie sheet while I continue frying the rest. This is the time-consuming part! Once all the slices are fried, you have some options: you can serve it with pasta and sauce, or put it in a sub roll and melt cheese on it, or layer it with sauce and cheese in a casserole pan and bake it like lasagna. 

Fish Tacos

Fish is the traditional food people think of when they think of Catholics not eating meat—it’s not for nothing that fish fries do their best business on Lenten Fridays, and McDonald’s filet-o-fish sandwiches were actually invented to boost sales on Fridays in the heavily Catholic Cincinnati area. While we love a good fish fry (the Knights of Columbus is one of our favorites), our budget doesn’t allow us to do that very often. My boys love frozen fish sticks and fish filets, and fish tacos are one of my favorite ways to serve them. Earlier in the day I’ll mix a cup or so of Greek yogurt with the juice of a lime (more or less) and put it in the fridge so the flavors can meld. Later, while the fish is cooking in the oven, I warm tortillas either on a dry pan or over the burner flame, or I’ll fry them in vegetable oil and bend them into taco shapes while they cool. And that’s really it! I serve the tortillas and fish with shredded lettuce and lime sour cream, which is exactly the way I like it best; you can certainly add salsa and cheese, and sometimes I have sliced or mashed avocado to offer as well.

Of course, pizza, pasta, and cereal are all easier than these dishes and just as delicious (depending on who’s eating them; some of my boys go crazy over cereal dinners!), so it’s plenty easy to find options for the Fridays in Lent that won’t make you crazy and might even pleasantly surprise you. (Although, no matter how delicious the meatless meal is, you might find yourself being like myself and many other Catholics I know, as represented in a meme I’ve seen online: “I don’t always crave meat, but when I do, it’s on Fridays during Lent.”)

Kate and her husband have seven sons ages 20, 18, 16, 15, 13, 10, and 6. Email her at kmtowne23@gmail.com.

Inflammation is a natural and essential response by the body’s immune system to injury, infection, and harmful stimuli. While acute inflammation serves a protective purpose, chronic inflammation can contribute to various health issues, including heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, and even certain cancers. Reducing chronic inflammation is crucial for maintaining overall health and wellness. Here’s how you can effectively reduce inflammation in your body.

What Causes Inflammation?

Before exploring ways to reduce inflammation, it’s important to understand its triggers. Common causes of chronic inflammation include:

1. Poor Diet: High in processed foods, sugars, trans fats, and refined carbohydrates.

2. Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity can increase inflammation markers in the body.

3. Stress: Chronic stress can lead to higher levels of cortisol, which can promote inflammation.

4. Sleep Issues: Poor sleep quality and insomnia are linked to increased inflammation markers.

5. Tobacco and Alcohol: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can lead to higher levels of inflammation.

6. Obesity: Increased fat tissue can produce inflammatory chemicals known as cytokines.

Dietary Changes to Combat Inflammation

1. Incorporate Anti-Inflammatory Foods: Focus on a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Some top anti-inflammatory foods include:

– Berries: Strawberries, blueberries, and raspberries are high in antioxidants.

– Leafy Greens: Spinach, kale, and broccoli provide vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals.

– Fatty Fish: Salmon, sardines, and mackerel are high in omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties.

– Nuts: Almonds and walnuts are rich in healthy fats and antioxidants.

– Olive Oil: Extra virgin olive oil is packed with healthy fats and anti-inflammatory compounds.

2. Reduce Processed Foods: Minimize the intake of refined sugars, trans fats, and processed meats, as they can promote inflammation.

3. Limit Unhealthy Fats: Replace saturated fats found in butter and red meats with healthier options like avocados and nuts.

4. Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help maintain optimal body function and reduce inflammation.

Lifestyle Modifications

1. Engage in Regular Exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. Activities like walking, cycling, swimming, or yoga can help lower inflammation.

2. Manage Stress: Incorporate stress-reduction techniques such as:

– Meditation: Practicing mindfulness can reduce stress levels.

– Deep Breathing Exercises: Simple breathing exercises can have an immediate calming effect.

– Yoga and Tai Chi: Gentle movements and mindfulness in these practices can lower inflammation.

3. Prioritize Sleep: Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night. Establish a calming bedtime routine, keep your sleeping environment dark and cool, and limit screen time before bed.

4. Maintain a Healthy Weight: Achieving a healthy weight can significantly influence inflammation levels. A balanced diet combined with regular exercise is key.

5. Quit Smoking: If you smoke, stop. Smoking is a major contributor to chronic inflammation and various health problems.

Supplements and Natural Remedies

Consult with a healthcare provider before beginning any new supplements. Some supplements that may help reduce inflammation include:

1. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in fish oil, these can help lower inflammatory markers.

2. Curcumin: The active compound in turmeric, known for its powerful anti-inflammatory properties.

3. Ginger: This spice has been recognized for its anti-inflammatory effects and can be taken fresh, dried, or in supplement form.

4. Probiotics: Gut health plays a crucial role in inflammation, and probiotics may help maintain a balanced gut microbiome.

Chronic inflammation is a serious health concern that can affect nearly every aspect of your well-being. By making informed dietary choices, adopting a healthier lifestyle, and incorporating stress management techniques, you can significantly reduce inflammation in your body. Always consult a healthcare professional before making any drastic changes to your diet or lifestyle, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions. Embrace these changes, and empower yourself on your journey to better health!

Dr. Matt Smith has been a Chiropractor in Saratoga Springs for 36 years. He and his daughter Dr. Kevy Smith Minogue can be reached at 518-587-2064 or at MySaratogaChiropractor.com.

I have had a lot of questions lately from clients about guardianships in New York.  The different types available under New York law can be confusing, and I thought a basic primer would be useful to detail their differences.

What types of guardianship are available?

There are three types of guardianship available in New York:  an Article 81 guardianship under the Mental Hygiene Law (MHL), an Article 17 guardianship under the Surrogate’s Court Procedure Act (SCPA), and an Article 17A guardianship under the SCPA.

What is an Article 81 guardianship?

An Article 81 guardianship is available if an individual can no longer handle their financial and/or personal affairs and does not understand and appreciate those inabilities.  This leads to a finding by the court that the person is incapacitated. The court must also find that the guardianship is necessary to provide for the individual’s financial and/or personal affairs.

Does the court have to find incapacity?

No.  The court can also establish an Article 81 guardianship if it finds that it is necessary to provide for the individual’s financial and/or personal affairs and the individual consents to the guardianship.

What type of powers are granted?

The court will determine whether the individual needs help with their financial and/or personal affairs, and it will grant powers to the guardian to deal with the individual’s particular needs.  The powers can be quite broad or more targeted, depending on the particular case.

What is a typical case?

A typical Article 81 guardianship involves an older person who is suffering from some type of dementia, which prevents them from being able to competently handle their affairs.

How is the guardianship established?

The guardianship is established by bringing a proceeding in County Court or Supreme Court.  These proceedings are typically brought by a close family member, such as a spouse or child, who is seeking to assist their loved one.

What is an Article 17 guardianship?

An Article 17 guardianship may be granted by a court for an individual who is under the age of 18.  These types of guardianships can relate to the child’s personal and/or financial affairs.

When are Article 17 guardianships granted?

Typically, if the child’s parents are still living and the child is receiving assets, the parents can seek to be appointed as the guardians of the property of the child, until they reach 18.  For example, this can happen in the event the child receives a bequest from a relative in their Last Will and Testament. 

When else would it be granted?

An Article 17 guardianship may also be granted if the parents of the child are deceased.  In that case, the prospective guardian would likely be appointed to handle the financial and personal affairs of the child.  Typically, the guardian would be a close family member or friend of the deceased parents.

Should a parent provide for a guardianship?

If you have a minor child, it would be wise to state in your Last Will and Testament who you wish to be appointed as the guardian of your child, in the event you die, and they are still a minor.  The individual you choose will need to be appointed by the court before they can act in that capacity.

How is the guardianship established?

Article 17 guardianships are typically established by the Surrogate’s Court in the county where the child is domiciled.  That is also the case with regard to Article 17A guardianships.

What is an Article 17A guardianship?

An Article 17A guardianship may be granted by a court for an individual who is intellectually disabled or developmentally disabled.  Intellectual disabilities would include people who have a condition like Down Syndrome.  Developmental disabilities can include conditions such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, neurological impairment, autism, or traumatic brain injury.

What type of powers are granted?

Similar to an Article 17 guardianship, the court may grant powers related to the personal and/or financial affairs of the individual.  All such powers must be utilized with the utmost care, diligence, trust, loyalty, and fidelity.

What is a typical case?

A typical case would involve parents who are seeking to be appointed as guardians for their intellectually disabled child.  Parents generally seek to be appointed before the child reaches the age of 18 and becomes a legal adult in New York.

Are there reporting requirements?

In all types of guardianships, Article 81, Article 17, and Article 17A, the guardians must file annual reports.  Article 81 guardians file a report with a court appointed examiner of reports.  Article 17 and Article 17A guardians file a report with the Surrogate’s Court which appointed them.

Are there alternatives to guardianship?

If a person becomes incapacitated later in life, an Article 81 guardianship may not be necessary if they previously executed a Power of Attorney and Health Care Proxy as part of their estate planning.  Their designated agents can handle their financial and medical affairs by virtue of those documents.

There is also growing interest in supported decision-making as an alternative to Article 17A guardianship.  The New York supported decision-making statute was passed in 2022 and can be found in Article 82 of the Mental Hygiene Law.  The first State-Wide Supported Decision-Making Forum was actually held just last month in Saratoga Springs.  More information on supported decision making can be found at: https://sdmny.org/ 

Navigating guardianship law on behalf of a loved one can be challenging.  Court proceedings are involved, and procedures vary depending on the type of guardianship you are seeking.  It is advisable to seek the help of an attorney experienced in guardianship law to ensure your case is handled with the care and diligence it deserves.

Matthew J. Dorsey, Esq. is a Shareholder with O’Connell and Aronowitz, 1 Court Street, Saratoga Springs, NY. Over his twenty-eight years of practice, he has focused in the areas of elder law, estate planning, and estate administration. Mr. Dorsey can be reached at (518)584-5205, mdorsey@oalaw.com and www.oalaw.com. 

There’s a significant challenge in trying to write a piece about the current state of the economy without sounding partisan, so let me begin by saying that what you are about to read is intended, not as partisan opinion, but as objective commentary. Now that we have that cleared up….

It’s Tuesday, March 10th at 8:09pm. The S&P was down 2.7% today, the NASDAQ was down an even 4%, with futures down another .75%. 

The Atlanta Fed is predicting that GDP for the 1st quarter will show that the economy shrank by an annualized 2.4%. While this will likely be revised, it stands in stark contrast to the 2.3% annualized growth we saw at the end of 2024. 

The economy may be making a significant turnaround, but it doesn’t appear to be of the sort many had hoped.

We’ve said many times that markets do not like uncertainty. 

Five weeks ago the US placed tariffs on some of its closes allies and trading partners only to rescind them a day later. Last week tariffs were reapplied only to be modified days later. Reciprocal tariffs are now going into effect. Tariffs are ultimately a tax on consumption, and represent a tax increase to consumers.

Thousands of federal employees have been fired, some frantically hired back when it was discovered their jobs were critical, such as those maintaining our nuclear arsenal. According to Reuters, another 82,000 workers are slated to be fired from the VA, alone.

Scores of government contracts have abruptly been cancelled, creating confusion and panic among the companies that held them with layoffs likely to follow for many of their employees. The courts may order that some be reinstated.

There are rumored cuts to Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security yet to be announced. A government shutdown looms on Friday, the debt ceiling will be hit later this year triggering a series of defaults if not raised. 

Maybe there is a certain genius in all of this. Maybe there’s a grand plan and the naysayers will have to eat their words. Maybe.

If there is a plan, then it has not been sufficiently conveyed to the public. In the absence of information to the contrary, businesses appear to be increasingly working under the assumption that there is no plan, and that the multitude of changes are a function of capricious whim. Left unchecked, the resulting disruption and lack of certainty, we believe, will force businesses to adopt a more defensive posture that may include cutting production and staff, and canceling plans to expand operations. 

Tomorrow, tariffs could be lifted and markets could rebound but, until there is concise ongoing guidance, we believe volatility will continue. 

This doesn’t mean all is lost. It does mean that, during these times of uncertainty, it’s important to remember that diversification is key to helping to weather volatility, as is working closely with your Certified Financial Planner® professional to help ensure that you’re invested appropriately based on your goals and specific set of circumstances, and that you’re making changes as conditions dictate. 

We’ve had volatile markets before and, as long as the economy grows over the long-term, markets have a perfect track record of rebounding to new highs. That’s certainly no guarantee but, while we think the near-term volatility will be unpleasant, over time we expect a return to normalcy.

Stephen Kyne, CFP® is a Partner at Sterling Manor Financial, LLC in Saratoga Springs.

Sterling Manor Financial, LLC is an SEC Registered Investment Advisor and does not provide tax or legal advice, nor is it a third-party administrator. This piece contains forward-looking statements which are opinion, not guaranteed, and subject to change. 

Winter may bring picturesque landscapes and fun outdoor activities, but it also presents unique challenges for eye health. Cold air, dry indoor heat, and increased UV exposure can take a toll on your vision if you’re not careful. Whether you’re hitting the slopes, walking the dog, or simply enjoying a winter wonderland, here’s how to keep your eyes safe and comfortable all season long.

1. UV Protection: Snow Reflects More UV Than Sand

You might not think of sunglasses as a winter essential, but they are just as important now as in summer—if not more. Snow reflects up to 80% of UV radiation, compared to about 15% from beach sand. That means your eyes are exposed to nearly twice the UV rays, increasing your risk of photokeratitis (a painful sunburn of the eyes), cataracts, and long-term damage.

Solution:

• Always wear sunglasses with 100% UVA/UVB protection when outside.

• Choose polarized lenses to reduce glare, especially for driving or outdoor activities.

• If you’re a skier or snowboarder, wear UV-blocking goggles to protect against both sun glare and wind irritation.

2. Skiers and Snowboarders: The Right Goggles Matter

For winter sports enthusiasts, goggles are more than just an accessory—they’re a necessity. High-altitude conditions increase UV exposure, and the combination of wind, cold air, and reflected sunlight can strain your eyes.

What to Look for in Ski Goggles:

• Polarized lenses: Reduce glare off the snow for clearer vision and better contrast.

• Anti-fog coating: Prevents moisture buildup so you don’t have to wipe them constantly.

• UV protection: Ensures your eyes are shielded from harmful rays.

• Wraparound fit: Keeps out wind, snow, and debris.

3. Hydration: Cold Air and Indoor Heat Can Dry Your Eyes

In winter, many people don’t realize they’re dehydrated. Cold air holds less moisture, and indoor heating systems further dry out the air, making dry eye symptoms more common.

Stay Hydrated By:

• Drinking plenty of water throughout the day—even if you don’t feel thirsty.

• Using a humidifier indoors to add moisture to dry heated air.

• Applying artificial tears if your eyes feel dry, gritty, or irritated.

4. Protect Your Eyes From the Wind and Cold

Whether you’re skiing, biking, or simply out for a winter walk, chilly winds can quickly dry out your eyes and leave them irritated.

Tips to Shield Your Eyes:

• Wear wraparound sunglasses or goggles for full protection.

• Apply a hydrating eye drop before and after extended time outdoors.

• If you wear contact lenses, opt for moisture-rich lenses designed for dry conditions.

5. Eat for Eye Health

Winter months may not offer as much fresh produce, but maintaining an eye-friendly diet can help keep your vision sharp.

Winter Eye-Healthy Foods Include:

• Omega-3 fatty acids (salmon, flaxseeds, walnuts) to support tear production.

• Vitamin A (carrots, sweet potatoes, leafy greens) to help prevent dry eyes.

• Vitamin C (oranges, bell peppers, strawberries) for strong blood vessels in the eyes.

6. Give Your Eyes a Break From Screens

Cold weather often means more time indoors—and more screen time. Whether it’s watching movies, working remotely, or scrolling on your phone, excessive screen use can cause digital eye strain.

Prevent Eye Strain By:

• Following the 20-20-20 rule: Every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.

• Blinking often to refresh your eyes.

• Adjusting screen brightness and contrast to match room lighting.

7. Don’t Forget to Schedule Your Annual Eye Exam!

Winter eye care isn’t just about protection—it’s also about prevention. An annual eye exam helps detect early signs of vision changes, dry eye syndrome, and UV damage. It’s also the perfect time to update your prescription for new glasses, ski goggles, or contact lenses.

Susan Halstead, ABOC, FNAO is a Nationally and NYS Licensed Optician and owner of Family Vision Care Center on 6 Carpenter Lane in Saratoga Springs. Susan can be reached via email at Susan@ familyvisioncarecenter.com. Family Vision Care Center is celebrating 105 years of providing comprehensive eye health care to Saratoga County with Susan as the third owner.

Call our office today to schedule your winter eye exam and make sure your vision is crystal clear for the season ahead!

So many of my old columns have been on my mind these days, and this one — which I wrote with Valentine’s Day in mind fourteen years ago — has always been one of my favorites. Our life looks very different now, but I remember each of these things like they were just yesterday, and the sentiments still hold true for me. Happy Valentine’s Day to you all!

I think it’s fair to say intimacy tends to mean a certain thing to most people, especially around Valentine’s Day, but a different kind of intimacy is what I had in mind recently as a small bottom waggled at me impatiently, waiting to be cleaned after using the potty, while another boy yelled from another bathroom that he, too, was done and needed to be helped with cleaning himself.

Here in the intimacy of our family, and in all other families I would imagine, especially those with very young children, bodies and their parts are rarely private things. What with diaper changes and potty training and bath time and breastfeeding and little ones who charge into the bathroom while I’m in the shower yelling, “I need Mama!” and then fling the shower curtain aside with gusto and a huge smile that clearly says, “I know you’re so happy to see me, Mom!” it sometimes seems very Garden of Eden-ish around here.

I remember thinking I’d really come up with something good when I instituted the rule that we only talk about potty things in the bathroom. That way, I figured, I wasn’t stifling anyone’s need to ask real questions about real issues involving private things, and at the same time I was teaching that there is a time and a place for everything, and let’s be appropriate and gentlemanly please.

Somehow, even though we’re still constantly reminding, “We only talk about that in the bathroom!” such topics continue to be snickered at during meals, during play, during movies, during church.

The questions needing to be answered and the conversations needing to be had about bodily functions and privacy and modesty and personal space and why one should “remember, you must never touch a lady like that!” are, I have to admit, one of the more interesting parts of being a mom to me. I actually kind of love when I can help my boys understand better the beauty and wonder with which we were all made, and the respect and dignity all bodies deserve. 

But there’s more than that, too, in regards to intimacy: As I write this, my two-year-old is sitting on my lap, having sought me out in a moment of anguish over it not being his turn with a certain toy; now calmed, he rests his head on my shoulder and sighs and rubs the hem of my shirt absentmindedly between his fingers — being so familiar with another and knowing where to find comfort and unqualified, unconditional love is a very intimate thing.

As is being accepted for just who you are. I’ve often thought, in darker moments, how little the boys realize how very unlovable they make themselves sometimes and how very blessed they are that I love them as I do, in spite of their difficult parts. But of course the same goes for me — I am no model of an easy-to-love person, and the ones I love the most see my very worst sides, often, and still keep me and love me and seek me out, for their own comfort, yes, but even sometimes just for my company.

Like in the peaceful quiet of the early morning, when I’m nursing the baby in bed, it is not uncommon for a certain small boy to walk sleepily into our bedroom, climb up next to his dad and sit cross-legged and tufty-haired to tell us about the dreams he had last night. It never seems to matter that I’m unshowered, that my teeth are unbrushed, that I’m feeling appealing and attractive to no one. These small moments are each treasures, and this way of being with each other, stripped down to just what we are, in trust and love, is such a healthy, happy, and wholesome way to live.

I don’t think it’s crazy to think that the sharing and caring of bodies and selves here, now, in this context of love and commitment and responsibility, will help teach and reinforce for our sons that such intimacy, precious and vulnerable as it is, is always and only safest within the context of a conscious and committed decision to love another, to give oneself sincerely for another, desiring only the good of the beloved.

At least, that’s my fervent and lofty hope, as I clean and care for these little bodies and bottoms that I know better than my own. Here, where seemingly nothing is sacred, everything is.

Kate and her husband have seven sons ages 20, 18, 16, 14, 13, 10, and 6. Email her at kmtowne23@gmail.com.

Walking is one of the simplest, yet most effective forms of exercise available to everyone, regardless of age or fitness level. It’s a low-impact activity that can be done almost anywhere and at any time, making it an accessible choice for many people. Whether you’re looking to improve your fitness, lose weight, enhance your mood, or simply enjoy the great outdoors, initiating a walking program can yield significant health benefits.

Steps to Start Your Walking Program 

Step 1: Determine Your Goals

Begin by defining what you want to achieve. Are you looking to walk for fitness, weight loss, or simply to relax?

Consider setting SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) to help keep you motivated. For example:

-”I will walk for 30 minutes, five times a week for the next month.”

-”I aim to increase my walking distance to 10,000 steps a day by the end of two months.”

Step 2: Prepare with the Right Gear

Invest in a good pair of walking shoes that provide adequate support and comfort. Quality shoes can help prevent injuries like blisters or joint pain. Additionally, wear breathable, moisture-wicking clothing suited for the weather conditions to enhance your walking experience.

Step 3: Create a Walking Schedule

Establish a routine by selecting specific days and times for your walks. Consistency is crucial. If you’re a beginner, you might start with shorter walks to build stamina. For example:

-Week 1: Walk for 10-15 minutes daily.

-Week 2: Increase to 20 minutes each day.

-Week 3: Aim for 30 minutes at a comfortable pace.

Step 4: Choose Your Walking Routes

Select different routes to keep your walks interesting. Parks, trails, and safe neighborhoods can provide varied scenery and make your walks more enjoyable. Remember to consider safety; choose well-lit, populated areas, especially if you’re walking alone.

Step 5: Incorporate a Warm-up and Cool Down

Begin your walks with a 5-minute warm-up. This can include gentle stretching or walking at a slower pace. After your walk, cool down with some light stretches to prevent stiffness and promote flexibility.

Step 6: Stay Motivated

To maintain motivation:

– Log Your Progress: Use a journal or an app to track your walking time and distance. Celebrate your milestones!

– Find a Walking Buddy: Partnering with a friend or family member can make walking more enjoyable and keep you accountable.

– Set Challenges: Add variety by exploring new routes or incorporating intervals of brisk walking.

– Listen to Music or Podcasts: Enjoy your favorite music or an engaging podcast to make your walks more enjoyable.

Step 7: Listen to Your Body

Pay attention to how your body feels during and after each walk. If you experience pain or discomfort, don’t hesitate to take a break or adjust your routine. It’s essential to progress at a pace that feels right for you.

Step 8: Gradually Increase Intensity

As your fitness improves, progressively increase the intensity of your walks. This may involve walking for longer periods, incorporating hills or adjusting your pace to include intervals of brisk walking. Variety will keep your routine fresh and engaging.

Starting a walking program can be one of the best decisions you make for your health. With its multitude of physical and mental benefits, walking can transform your lifestyle and improve your overall well-being. By setting clear goals, investing in proper gear, and adhering to a structured routine, you can embark on a fulfilling walking journey. Remember, the most important aspect is to enjoy the process—so lace up your shoes, step outside, and embrace the joy of walking. Happy walking!

Dr. Matt Smith has been a Chiropractor in Saratoga Springs for 36 years. He and his daughter Dr. Kevy Smith Minogue can be reached at 518-587-2064 or at MySaratogaChiropractor.com.